Abraham as the Ideal Man of Faith in The Holy Bible Essay -- Holy Bibl

Abraham as the Ideal Man of Faith The question is frequently asked, What does it mean to take on faith? What does it mean to be faithful? The path to righteousness has always been one paved in good faith, and this is a well-known fact. The exaltation creation of faith, it can be reasoned, would be the man who was the most suitable spiritual companion for God. This would be someone with whom God could speak with, and fulfill his wishes for human beings in that location within. God would not simply want a servant, but a friend who would walk through his life with God. This is a hard man to find. star place worshippers of God are always certain to look for an example is the Bible. The Old Testament offers many differing examples of men of faith. Some men of faith well-nigh looked at in the Old Testament are Abraham, Noah, and business organisation. Abraham can be viewed as the ideal man of faith because his relationship with God exceeded those of Noah and Job. His relationship wa s ideal in that there was true communication and a mutual respect. While Noah and Job were men of faith, their relationships were not ideal because Noah did not truly communicate and Job lacked both respect and blaspheme for the Lord. Abraham was Gods chosen father of all nations. He and God shared a relationship that no other man ever shared with God. God says to Abraham I will get along of you a great nation, And I will bless you I will make your name great, So that will be your blessing. I will bless those who bless you And curse those who curse you. All the communities of the earth ... ...ause he never lacked trust or respect for the Lord. Even when God demanded that Abraham kill his own son, Abraham never once lost any respect or trust. He merely had faith. The deduction to be drawn is a fairly easy one. Abraham was the ideal man of faith, due to his upholding of the vital elements of the ideal, as well as the fact that he was the best(p) companion for God. He pr oved that devotion does not necessarily mean just strict servitude, but that it also means maintaining a relationship on a level that servants cannot. Also, he showed that a mutual respect must be present if a relationship will work, and that trust is required at all times. Faith was never a sometimes thing for Abraham. He took it to the fullest extent at every moment, which is why he was the ideal man of faith. He did everything necessary to be the ideal companion for God.

Futile Search for Answers in Slaughterhouse Five :: Slaughterhouse-Five Essays

Futile Search for Answers in Slaughterhouse Five   The book, Slaughter House-Five, written by Kurt Vonnegut, is based on the main character named Billy Pilgrim who is a little lost in the head. Billy is unendingly traveling to different parts of his life and rarely in the present state. Throughout the book Billy mainly travels back and forth to three big convictions in his life. In each different time period of Billys life he is in a different place his present state is in a town c wholeed Illium and his travels are to Dresden and Tralfamadore. When Billy is in Illium he is suppose to have a normal life he is married, has two children, and works as an optometrist. Then Billy travels back to Dresden where he was stationed in the last years of WWII and witnessed the horrible bombing. When Billy travels to Tralfamadore he is in an imaginary state, everything that happens to him is more like a dream. Through Billys travels in time he shows that he is striving to find meaning in the events that happened in his life that he is afraid to acknowledge. As Billy says himself, All moments, past, present and future, always have existed, always will exist, (1) this just proves even further that fact that Billy cannot ever forget any event in his life.   The main event that leads Billy to all his confusion is the time he spent in Dresden and witnessed the fire-bombings that constantly pop in his head along with pictures of all the innocent people Billy sawing machine that fled to Dresden the safe spot from the war before the bombing. When Billy sees the faces of the innocent children it represents his fear of the situation. Billy cant acknowledge the fact that they were innocent and they were killed by Americans, Americans soldiers just like himself. The biggest riposte  Billy cannot come to grasp with is why the bombings took place. That question has no answer its just something that happened that Billy couldnt get over. During all Billys travels back to Dresden he couldnt change what had sincerely happened there although that was the closure he was looking for. Dresden purely represents Bills past and fears of the truth about what happened.

Analysis of 1997 U.S. Macroeconomic Predictions :: essays papers

Analysis of 1997 U.S. Macroeconomic Predictions The U.S. economy ended 1996 at a caustic pace of 4.7% elevateth rate of substantial gross domestic product in the fourth quarter. Despite this strong growth, the inflation rate remained relatively low in circumstance the CPI showed its lowest core growth rate in the last 34 years. This low inflation along with low unemployment finished off a very healthy year for the U.S. economy. These numbers seem to indicate a positive trend for the U.S. economy in 1997. Real GDP is expected to grow at a strong to moderate rate of 2.25%, with CPI rising around 3% and the unemployment rate between 5.25-5.5%. In order to see how these projections were arrived at it is most important to look at the factors that make up unfeigned GDP. Consumption, Investment, Government Spending, and Net Exports. When these factors are analyzed separately the over in all picture of real GDP becomes clearer. The growth rate of real GDP is important because i t tells us the rate that the economy is growing. Once the rate of growth is determined, we will be commensurate to look at the predictions for interest rates, unemployment, and inflation, since all of these are heavily influenced by the growth rate of real GDP.Real GDP is the market value of all goods and services produced in a given year. It is the most important measure of growth in an economy. Since a dollar of production is equal to a dollar of income, real GDP not only gives an idea of production but also of the well being of the society in general. It is not ample merely for real GDP to rise, it must rise at a healthy rate (around 2.0%) each year in order for there to be enough jobs for new entrants into the labor force. If real GDP falls or fails to rise enough, unemployment will increase and the overall standard of living will fall. However, if real GDP rises too much inflation may occur which also lowers peoples standard living by eroding their purchasing power.In 199 7, real GDP in the United States is expected to grow at an annual rate of around 2.25%. Growth is not expected to be as outstanding as the 4.7% rate of growth shown in the last quarter of 1996. But, overall the economy should show moderate to strong growth throughout the year.

Transcultural Nursing Essay -- Health, Nursing

Understanding and implementing paganly competent and heathenly congruent c are are the key factors for effective and excellent nursing care (Srivastava, 2007). However, health care providers roles and responsibilities in meeting health care needs of the clients in consideration to cultural perspective and diversity are getting more challenging and complicated due to increased number of people from a conclave of multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society, which, in turn requires health care providers to acknowledge and understand variations of cultural healthcare beliefs, values and practices.Transcultural nursing is essential in the work of nursing care because of the diametrical factors, which includes increasing diversity and multicultural identities, emergent use of health care equipment that occasionally dispute the cultural ethics and beliefs of the clients and a rise in feminism and gender issues (Andrews & Boyle, 2008). Maier-Lorentz (2008) states that the fundamental aspec t of healthcare is transcultural nursing since culturally competent nursing care help ensure patient satisfactions and health beneficial outcome.According to the Royal College of Nursing (2009), providing care with respect to health and illness based on the expectations of the peoples values, beliefs and practices jibe with culture is the focal point of transcultural care.Influenced by the principles and theories of transcultural nursing, the author defines transcultural nursing as a discipline of culturally care for individuals, families, groups and communities representing different cultural lifestyle, values, habits, life process, beliefs and practices. Furthermore, the author believes that the aims of transcultural nursing are to ... ...attain cultural competence and provide adequate cultural care, healthcare provider should develop the thirst to achieve congruent care, be aware to any personal biases and prejudices, acknowledge and support former(a) persons cultural belief and practices, avoid stereotyping and cultural imposition and most importantly identify and overcome the barriers to effective assessment and intervention. Understanding ones own culture, being supportive, appreciative and sensitive to other culture and differences are the key factors to achieve cultural competence.The author recommends that aside from being focused to care providers cultural competency and cultural assessment, transcultural nursing theories and concepts also needs to develop ways on how to avoid cultural negligence, overcome personal biases and resolve cultural barriers that may discover quality nursing care.

Animal Farm Dystopia :: Literary Analysis

Animal Farm is about a group of living creatures taking over the farm in the search for freedom and equality, but over quartetth dimension with wrong decisions made one animal takes control of every last(predicate). Animal Farm is an example of a dystopia because it is based on five out of the nine traits dystopias take up these traits are restrictions, business concern, dehumanization, conformity, and control. whizz quality of a dystopia that is very well represented in Animal Farm is restriction. The animals had seven commandments that must always be followed and four of them were restrictions. One restriction given to the animals was no animal shall ever wear clothes (19) animals were forbidden from clothes because only humans were supposed to wear them. other restriction animal had that no animal shall ever drink alcohol (19) the animals could not drink alcohol because only humans did and alcohol caused them to act crazy. One major restriction the animals had was no anima l shall kill any other animal (19) this restriction of no killing was made by other animals for all the animals to follow. Animal farm has many examples of dystopia but the strongest quality of one is restriction.In Animal Farm fear is used to keep the animals under control. Old major told the animals Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever.(5) Old Major used fear to get the animals to revel by telling them how horrible Johns was, and how john treated them badly and miss feed them. Also fear was used by wild boar when he says surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?(28) The pigs knew that the animals were mistreated by Johns and that no one wanted him back so the pigs asked for more food so johns would not come back to the farm. Napoleon kept the animals doing what he wanted by scaring them in to thinking that sweet sand verbena betrayed them snowball was declared to be h iding at Foxwood(63) Napoleon would tell the animals that snowball was doing all kinds of bad things, and some animals were afraid to sleep.Control is used in animal farm to keep the animals away from disobeying. Napoleon took over the farm by controlling the animals he made Snowball be chased out by nine enormous dogs.(43) Napoleon made the dogs chase Snowball out because he had different points of view than Napoleon, and Napoleon wanted to control the animals with his ideas.

Animal Farm Dystopia :: Literary Analysis

Animal Farm is ab surface a group of animals taking oer the farm in the search for freedom and equality, but over time with wrong decisions made one animal takes control of all. Animal Farm is an example of a dystopia because it is based on five out of the niner traits dystopias have these traits are restrictions, fear, dehumanization, conformity, and control.One quality of a dystopia that is very well represented in Animal Farm is restriction. The animals had seven commandments that must always be followed and four of them were restrictions. One restriction given to the animals was no animal shall ever erosion clothes (19) animals were forbidden from clothes because only humans were supposed to wear them. An new(prenominal) restriction animal had that no animal shall ever drink alcohol (19) the animals could not drink alcohol because only humans did and alcohol cause them to fiddle crazy. One major restriction the animals had was no animal shall kill any other animal (19) this re striction of no killing was made by other animals for all the animals to follow. Animal farm has many examples of dystopia but the strongest quality of one is restriction.In Animal Farm fear is used to keep the animals under control. experienced major told the animals Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever.(5) Old Major used fear to get the animals to revel by telling them how horrible Johns was, and how john treated them badly and miss feed them. Also fear was used by Squealer when he says surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come game?(28) The pigs knew that the animals were mistreated by Johns and that no one wanted him back so the pigs asked for more food so johns would not come back to the farm. Napoleon kept the animals doing what he wanted by scaring them in to thinking that sweet sand verbena betrayed them snowball was declared to be hiding at Foxwood(63) Napoleon woul d tell the animals that snowball was doing all kinds of bad things, and some animals were afraid to sleep.Control is used in animal farm to keep the animals away from disobeying. Napoleon took over the farm by controlling the animals he made Snowball be chased out by nine enormous dogs.(43) Napoleon made the dogs chase Snowball out because he had different points of view than Napoleon, and Napoleon wanted to control the animals with his ideas.

Media Case Study in Friends Tv Show

Case Study Introduction The society of nowadays is filled with advertisements, mess whiles, films, blogs, technology, etc. The meanings that they carry start to be transmitted to the reference through different media. (Branston and Stafford, 2006) It appears important for the receiver to analyse and understand the meanings carried by each type of medium. In order to do so, the different vehicles used by media have to be identified. Different vehicle theories include semiotics, genres, narratives, model, auditory modalitys, etc. Ibidem) And while they all have to be ga in that locationd and related to form a medium, these theories have on their own signs to be interpreted by the judgmenter. Media has to construct meanings about the earth in order to represent it appropriately or logically comme il faut for the interview to understand, and make sense out of what they are seeing. (OSullivan etal. , 1994) Representations of the world have to be understood by the audience. It all ows an easier and faster understanding of what media is trying to portray and by doing so saves time needed to achieve other goals o since the media has limits of time and space. (Wilson, 1993) For instance, T. V. hows, in order to save time and capture viewers in the tier faster, resort to stereotypes There may be a shared recognition of the world as represented through familiar or dominant images and ideas (OSullivan etal. , 1994) A good example of a type of media that uses representations as a way to garter audience identify with the world presented on T. V. is the very(prenominal) popular certify named Friends. It debuted in 1994 through NBC and moved on to become one of the furnishs with the highest rate in television. It won multiple awards during its time on air until its end in May 2004. In 2002 the show won an Emmy for outstanding comedy series. (TBS. om, 2009) It had a big cultural impact, for instance, phrases from the situation comedy became common in American slan g, and songs from the show became very famous around the globe. It is a sitcom that presents the life of six friends (3 males and 3 females) shopping mall aged, middle class who live in virgin York. They live secretive to each other and spend a lot of time together discussing very different themes. They all have different personalities and different backgrounds but acclamation each other comically. This illustration study will analyse through the theory of representations, the stereotypes presented by the female characters Rachel, Phoebe and Monica. pic The Representations When referring to representations in the media, it is important to nonice that stereotypes are present very often. Especially in a commercial T. V. show such as Friends, creators have to turn into cultural stereotypes in order for the audience to easily and quickly identify each role who plays whom in a story and, in certain situations, justify their actions. Within the media, limits of time and space confi dent(p) the desire of achieving rapid audience recognition have obliged the stereotypical representations to be constructed and portrayed (Wilson, 1993)The role of Rachel Green represents the rich bimbo girl. She comes from a wealthy background, her father, is a successful doctor able to provide her and her sisters with a fancy childhood. She has never worked, is non self sufficient, and as mention in chapter 12 of season 6 The one with the joke (Blinkx. com, 2000) she is always trying to please others. She is in many ways an burlesque of a spoiled American girl. Rachel is dumb, lost, and she does not know what she wants. correspond to Wilson (1993) stereotypes have to be exaggerated or maximised, since there is a necessity for audience recognition.If there is no recognition then it becomes a commercial failure. For this understanding the character of Rachel is exaggerated. She cries over anything, she is afraid of commitment, irresponsible, and does not want to vex care of any one as much as she wants to be taken care of. But there is a necessity for her to form part of the group of friends. Her irresponsibility can be very funny, guys always want to date her because she is pretty. In a sitcom of its genre (comedy) the familiar is necessary and comfortable (Branston and Stafford, 2006) for this reason, someone has to play the pretty, spoiled one.The sets of characters and values portrayed by Rachel involve in it a diversity that the audience can relate her to. Whether it means that they identify with her and her actions (for example, girls with good economic status), or see in her someone they know, or maybe even look up to her. On the other hand, the role of Monica Geller represents the controlling responsible one. Her character is the opposite from Rachel, obsessive-compulsive, and very competitive. She is probably the more mature female of the show.She comes from a suburban middle class family, known for having overweight during high school, she is Rac hels best friend, but admire and envied her during youth. She likes to be in charge of everything, plans every detail and enjoys serving other. Her representation in the show is maximised, her obsession for order and cleanness is exaggerated, but this traits help the viewer to identify her and categorise her as the mother hen of the group. (Warnerbros. com, 2009) Although she was pretty the audience tends to leave alone this fact and relate her more with the need of a responsible one in the group.As mention above, there is comfort in familiarity, in this case the role of Monica becomes funny when the audience relates her actions with reality, for instance, mothers cleaning the mess left by little children. She is referenced to in the chapter mention above as high care American slang to refer the fact that she needs a lot of attention and everything has to be done the way she likes it. She goes ahead and proves it by then forcing Chandler (her boyfriend) to escort a speech and men tion that she is not high maintenance. What this scene is portraying is an irony that proves how embroidered stereotypes can be a useful tool in sitcoms since they are funny. By evoking irony, the media uses stereotypes and disguise them as jokes allowing the label to become somewhat acceptable and familiar. (Branston and Stafford, 2006) Finally, the role of Phoebe Buffay who represents the hippie one. An eccentric character, who enjoys from playing music but is not really good, she does not care what others think about her. Phoebes character is a very sensitive one who goes beyond to help others, she is not interested in conventional things such as marriage, babies, or money.But rather she is concern with environmental, spiritual issues. With a troubled past, she became homeless at age 14 (Warnerbros. com, 2009). She is very dumb but knows how to play and have fun with others. The circumstances of this character are ironic and funny. Once again, creators of the show play with exagg eration of personalities and portray the obliged hippie New Yorker. Phoebes character is a clear example of how stereotypes are not always wrong (Branston and Stafford, 2006) , and they do portray reality but in a magnified way. New York is a city known for its extravagant movements regarding animals, and vegetarianism among others.So Phoebe played that posture of New York which is radical. Conclusion The three characters above represent not only labels for peck of their own circumstances but also they represent 3 very common stereotypes in which women can be categorised in the media the sex object, the mother, and the friend. The three characters are also very different from each other difference from the little princess, to the tough one, to the weird one. But in many ways these stereotypes are not always negative, they are not rigid or unchanging, and they help the audience to identify and differentiate the 3 characters. According to OSullivan etal. 1994) the media production is based on the need to please the audience. For this reason, if certain values or believes die hard in media output it will be due to the fact that society is sharing such same values and believes. In the case of Friends such conceptions of people from specific backgrounds in America are constantly presented in societies believes and therefore portrayed with this specific characters in the show. Ideologies work through symbolic codes, (OSullivan etsl, 1994) and because the media cannot speak direct to the audience it uses semiotics. These signs are represented with people through stereotypes.It is important to understand and analysed the latter so that there is a better understanding of society and culture. concourse uses stereotypes everyday to achieve a mental understanding of the society and the people they meet in their everyday lives. But even when stereotypes portray the real world in many aspects, it is important to notice that they are also often exaggerated and closed a nd they limit a viewers point of view of a determined group or person. They can be funny and helpful but the media should understand that portraying a group of people using stereotypes can cause negative cultural impact.Stereotypes should not become prejudices or send an erroneous message to the audience. When recurring to stereotypes, the media has to be very sensitive and take care of every detail as to portray people openly with no set rules and as accurate as possible. This was well achieved by Friends T. V. show since characters evolve, acquire new characteristics their personalities changed and they all achieved their goals. References Branston, G. and Stafford, R. ( 2006) The Media Students Book. 4th ed. Routledge. U. K. Pp. 141-156 Blinkx. com (no date) Friends. The one with the joke.Retrieved online on 3rd October 2009 from http//www. blinkx. com/video/friends-the-one-with-the-joke/CljtsymVdOFbvw5xENhNNQ OSullivan, T. etal. (1994) Studying the media. An Introduction. St. M artins Press Inc. New York, U. S. A. Pp 113, 115, 117, 122, and 125. Tbs. com (2009) Friends, About the show. Retrieved online on 3rd October 2009 from http//www. tbs. com/stories/story/0,,268,00. html Wilson, S. (1993) Mass Media, Mass Culture. 3rd ed. Mc Graw Hill. United States. Pp. 225-236 Warnerbros. com (2009) Friends. Retrieved online on 3rd October 2009 from http//www. warnervideo. com/friends15/

Factor Affecting Job Satisfaction in Banks

A Banker on whom a check into is drawn should pay the withdraw when it is presented for recompense. * This stop paying function is a distinguished wizard of a banking concerner. * This obligation has been imposed on him by sec. 31 of the N. I Act, 1881. * A banker is rebound to notice his customers cheque, to the extent of the funds receiptsable and the existence of no legal bar to payment. Again, for making payment the cheque moldiness(prenominal)iness be in order and it must be duly presented for payment at the branch where the account is kept. * The paying banker should use clean care and diligence in paying a cheque, so as to abstain from either scrapion likely to damage his customers credit. * If the paying banker wrongfully dis complys a cheque, he will be asked to pay heavy damages. * At the same succession, if he makes payment in a hurry, even when there is sufficient balance, the banker will non be allowed to debit the customers account.If he does so, it w ill list to sanctioning of overdraft without prior arrangement, and later on, the customer raise claim it as spring and compel the banker to pay cheque in the absence of sufficient balance. His position is very precarious and is in between the devil and the deep sea. PRECAUTIONS BEFORE notice A CHEQUE In order to safeguard his position, the paying banker has to observe the following precautions before honouring a cheque. Presentation of The bridle (a) Type of the cheque forward honouring a cheque, he must find out the type to which it be retentives.Cheques whitethorn generally be of two types- open or crossed. If it is an open one, the payment whitethorn be do at the counter. If it is crossed, the payment must be made only to fellow banker. If it is specially crossed, the payment must be specifically made to that banker in whose favour it has been crossed. If there are A/C Payee and Not Negotiable crossings the paying banker need not worry, as they are the directions only to the compile banker. If the paying banker pays a cheque contrary to the crossing, he is credible to the drawer. Therefore, he must pay special attention to the type of a cheque. b) Branch The pay banker should see whether the cheque is drawn on the branch where the account is kept. If it is drawn on another branch, without either prior arrangement, the banker can safely government issue the cheque. (c) level Even in the same branch, a customer might have opened two or more accounts. Hence, the paying banker should see that the cheque of one account is not used for withdrawing money from another account. (d) Banking hours The paying banker should also note whether the cheque is presented during the banking hours on a business day. stipend outside the banking hours does not amount to payment in imputable course. e) Mutilation If a cheque is torn into pieces or cancelled or mutilated, then, the paying banker should not honour it. He should return the cheque for the drawers confir mation. In a case cheque is torn accidentally, the drawer must confirm it by writing much(prenominal) wrangle as Accidentally torn by me and affixing his full signature. A cheque torn into two or more pieces is generally returned with a remark mutilate. Form of cheque Printed form The cheque must be in masterper form. It must satisfy all the requirements of law. The customers should draw cheques only on the printed leaves supplied by the bankers.Unconditional order The cheque should not contain any condition. If it is a conditional one, the paying bankers position will become critical and he whitethorn not honour it. Date Before honouring a cheque, the bank must see whether there is a date on the means. If it is undated, it cannot be regarded as a valid instrument. If a cheque is ante- dated, it may be paying if it has not become stale by that time. A cheque, which is presented after six months, from the date of its issue, is a stale one. If a cheque is post- dated, he should ho nour it only on its due date.Amount The succeeding(prenominal) important precaution is that the banker should see whether the amount stated in the cheque, both in words and figures, agree with each other. If the amount is stated only in figures, the banker should return it with a remark Amount required to be stated in words. still if the amount stated only in words, the banker may honour it. Supposing , there is a difference in the amount stated in words and figures, then the banker can take any one of the following courses available to him i) He can dishonour the cheque with a memorandum words and figures differ or i)He can honour the amount stated in words According to Sec. 18 of the N. I. Act, if the amount downstairstaken or request to be paid is stated differently in figures and words, the amount stated in words shall be the amount undertaken or ordered to be paid. However in practice, if the difference is insignificant, payment is sometimes made. But usually the paying ba nker returns the cheque under such circumstances, since there is an audit objection to the practice of honouring such cheques. III. Sufficient balance There must be sufficient balance to meet the cheque.If the funds available are not sufficient to honour a cheque, the paying banker is justified in returning it. So, before honouring a cheque, he must check up the present state of his customers account. IV. Signature of the drawer The next important duty of a paying banker is to compare the signature of his customer found on the cheque with that of his specimen signature. If he fails to do so and if he pays a cheque , which contains a forged signature of the drawer, then, the payment will not amount to payment in due course. Hence, he can not claim protection under Sec. 85 of the N. I. Act.If the signature has been too skillfully forged for the banker to find it out, even then the banker is liable. However, if the customer facilitates the forgery of his signature by his conduct, then, the banker will be relieved from his liability. Legal bar The existence of legal bar like confiscate Order limits the duty of the banker to pay a cheque. confiscate order refers to the order issued by a court attaching the funds of the judgment debtor (i. e. , the customer) in the hands of a third party (i. e. , the banker). The term Garnishee refers to the mortal who has been served with the order.This Garnishee proceedings comprise of two steps. As a first step Garnishee Order nisi will be issued. Nisi means unless. In other words, this order gives an opportunity to the banker to prove that this order could not be enforced. If the banker does not make any counterclaim, this order becomes absolute one. This attach Order absolute actually attaches the account of the customer. If it attaches the whole amount of a customers account, then, the banker must dishonour the cheque drawn by that customer. He can honour his cheques to the extent of the amount that is not garnished. Endor sementBefore honouring a cheque, the banker must verify the regularity of endorsement, if any, that appears on the instrument. It is more so in the case of an order cheque, which requires an endorsement before its delivery. For instance, if there is per pro endorsement, the banker must find out the existence of authority. Failure to do so constitutes slight on the part of the paying banker. Per pro endorsement is an endorsement made by an authorized agent. Prior information about the delegation of authority to the agent must have been given to the banker. Otherwise, a banker is not legally bound to accept this type of endorsement.CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH A CHEQUE CAN BE DISHONORED Countermanding Countermanding is the nurture given by the customer of a bank requesting the bank not to honour a particular cheque issued by him. When such an order is received, the banker must refuse to pay the cheque. If a customer informs by telephone or telegram regarding the stopping payment of a c heque, the banker should diplomatically delay the payment, till pen instructions are received. If the situation is very critical, he can return the cheque by giving a suitable answer like payment countermanded by telephone and postponed pending confirmation. Therefore, countermanding instructions, once received, must be kept as a constant record. A stopped payment register may be maintained for ready reference. Upon the receipt of notice of death of a customer When a banker receives written information from an authoritative source, (preferably from the nearest relatives) regarding the death of a particular customer, he should not honour any cheque drawn by that deceased customer. If the banker is unaware of the death of a customer, he may honour the cheque drawn by him.Death puts an automatic end to the contractual relationship between a banker and his customer. Upon the receipt of notice of insolvency once a banker has knowledge of the insolvency of a customer, he must refuse to pay cheques drawn by him. Upon the receipt of notice of insanity Where a banker receives notice of a customers insanity, he is justified in refusing payment of the cheque drawn by him. The banker should make a careful note, when the lunacy order is received. It is advisable that the banker should act upon a explicit proof of the customers insanity like a doctors certificate, a court order etc.Upon the receipt of notice of assignment The bank balance of a customer constitutes an asset and it can be assigned to any person by giving a letter of assignment to the banker. Once an assignment has been made, the assignor has no legal rights over the bank balance and therefore, if any cheque is drawn by him, the banker should refuse to honour it. When a breach of religion is intended In the case of a trust account, mere knowledge of the customers intention to use the trust funds for his personal use, is a sufficient reason to dishonour his cheque.Defective title If a person who brings a ch eque for payment has no title or his title is defective, the banker should refuse to honour the cheque presented by him. For instance, a person who brings a cheque, which has been countermanded or which has been forged, has no title to it. statutory Protection to a Paying Banker Supposing, a paying banker pays a cheque, which bears a forged signature of the payee or endorsee, he is liable to the true owner of the cheque. But, it is quite unjustifiable to make the banker responsible for such errors.It is so because he is not expected to know the signature of the payee or the endorsee. Therefore, law relieves the paying banker from his liability to the true owner in such cases. This relief is known as statutory protection. To claim protection under Sec. 85 of the N. I. Act, 1881, the banker should have fulfilled the following conditions * He should have paid an order cheque. * Such a cheque should have been endorsed by the payee or his order. * It should have been paid in due course. PAYMENT IN DUE COURSE The cheque should have been paid in due course as per Sec. 0 of the N. I. Act. This concept of payment in due course has three essential features (I) Apparent tenor of the instrument To avail of the statutory protection, the payment should have been made according to the apparent tenor of the instrument. The apparent tenor refers to the intention of the parties, as it is evident from the face of the instrument. Example If a drawer draws a cheque with a post date, his intention is to make payment only after a certain date. If it is paid before the due date, this payment does not amount to payment in due course.So also, the payment of a countermanded cheque does not amount to payment in due course. (ii) Payment in good opinion and without negligence Good faith forms the basis of all banking transactions. As regards negligence, the banker may sometimes be slipshod in his duties, which constitutes an act of negligence. If negligence is proved, the banker will lo ss the statutory protection given under Sec. 85. Example * Payment of a crossed cheque over the counter. * Payment of a post-dated cheque before maturity. * Failure to verify the regularity of an endorsement. iii)Payment to a person who is entitled to receive payment The banker must see that the person, who presents the cheque, is in possession of the instrument and he is entitled to receive the amount of the cheque. Protection to a bearer cheque Now this protection has been extended to bearer cheques also under sec. 85(2). If a bearer cheque is paid in due course, the banker is entitled to get protection. Statutory Protection in the case of a Materially Altered Cheque A paying banker cannot normally claim any statutory protection for a materially altered cheque. However Sec. 89of the Negotiable instrument Act.Gives protection in the case of a materially altered cheque provided, (1) He is liable to pay, (2)Such an alteration is not apparent and, (3) The banker has made the payment i n due course. recuperation of Money Paid by Mistake Under the following circumstances, money wrongly paid can be recovered- (i)Money received mala fide is recoverable When a person receives money by mistake in bad faith, knowing that he is not entitled to receive that money, then, the banker is entitled to recover the same. (ii) Money paid under a mistake of fact is recoverable For instance, a banker pays money to X, thinking that he is Y.This is a mistake of fact regarding the identity of the parties. Y is under a legal duty to pay the money back to the banker. COLLECTING BANKER A collecting banker is one who undertakes to collect the amount of a cheque for his customer from the paying banker. In collecting a cheque, the banker can act in two capacities namely (1) as a toter for value, and (2) as an agent for collection. The banker would be as a holder for value (a) If he allows his customers to withdraw money before cheques paid in for collection are actually self-possessed and credited. b) If any open cheque is accepted and the value is paid before collection, and (c) If there is a reduction in the overdraft account of the customer before the cheque is collected and credited in the respective account. In all these cases, the banker acquires a personal interest. A Banker as an agent In practice, no banker credits a customer account even before a cheque is collected. He collects a cheque on behalf of a customer. So, he cannot acquire any of the rights of a holder for value. He has to act only as an agent of the customer. Duties of A put in Banker i) Exercise reasonable care and diligence in his collection work When a banker collects a cheque for his customer, he acts only as an agent of the customer. He should exercise reasonable care, diligence and skill in collection work. (ii) Present the cheque for collection without any delay The banker must present the cheque for payment without any delay. If there is delay in presentment, the customer may suffer lo sings due to the insolvency of the drawer or insufficiency of funds in the account of the drawer or insolvency of the banker himself. In all such cases, the banker should bear the loss. iii) Notice to customer in the case of dishonour of a cheque The N. I. Act has prescribed a reasonable time for giving the notice of dishonour. If he fails to do so, and consequently, any loss arises to the customer, the banker has to bear the loss. (iv) Present the bill for acceptance at an early date As per sec. 61 of the N. I. Act, a bill of exchange must be accepted. If a banker undertakes to collect bills, it is his duty to present them for acceptance at an early date. (v) Present the bill for payment The banker should present the bills for payment in proper time and at proper place.If he fails to do so and if any loss occurs to the customer, then, the banker will be liable. According to Sec. 66 of N. I. Act a bill must be presented for payment on maturity. (vi) Protest and note a foreign bill f or non-acceptance In case of dishonour of a bill by non-acceptance or non-payment, it is the duty of the collecting banker to inform the customer immediately. Generally he returns the bill to the customer. In the absence of specific instructions, collecting bankers do not get the upcountry bills noted and protested for dishonour.If the bill in question happens to be a foreign bill, the banker should have it protested and noted by a notary public and then forwarded it to the customer. Statutory Protection to the collecting Banker According to sec. 131 of the N. I. Act, statutory protection is available to the collecting Banker in the following cases (i)Crossed cheques only a collecting banker only for crossed cheques can claim statutory protection. It is so because, in the case of an open cheque, it is not absolutely necessary for a person to seek the service of a bank. ii) Collections on behalf of customers as an agent a banker only can claim the above protection for those cheques collected by him as agent of his customers. iii) In good faith and without negligence In order to get the protection under this section, a collecting banker must act in good faith and without negligence. Matter of negligence is of great importance. Basis of negligence When a collecting banker wants to claim protection under Sec. 131, he has the burden of proving that he has acted without negligence.Gross negligence If a banker is completely careless in collecting a cheque, then, he will be held liable under the ground of gross negligence. Examples Collecting a cheque crossed A/C payee for other than the payees account Account payee crossing is a direction to the collecting banker. If he collects a cheque crossed A/C payee for any person other than the payee, then, this fact will be proved as an evidence of gross negligence. FAILURE TO VERIFY THE CORRECTNESS OF ENDORSEMENT If a banker omits to verify the correctness of endorsements on cheques payable to order, he will be deprived of the statutory protection. i)Failure to verify the existence of authority in the case of per pro signatures If a collecting banker fails to verify the existence of authority in the case of per pro signatures, if any, will be proved as an evidence of gross negligence. (ii) omission connected with the immediate collection If, on the face of a cheque, there is a warning that there is misappropriation of money, the collecting banker should make some reasonable enquiry and only after getting some satisfactory explanations, he can proceed to collect cheques.Examples * Collecting a cheque drawn against the principals A/c, to the private A/c of the agent without enquiry. * Collecting a cheque payable to the firm to the private A/c of a partner without enquiry. * Collecting a cheque payable to the company to the private account of a director or any other officer without enquiry. * Collecting a cheque payable to the employer to the private account of the employee would constitute negligence under sec. 131 of the N. I. Act. * Collecting a cheque payable to the trustee, to the private account of the person operating the trust account is another instance of negligence of a banker. iii) Negligence under Remote Grounds Normally, we cannot expect a banker to be liable under certain circumstances. But, the bankers have been held negligent under those situations, which are branded as remote grounds. Examples * Omission to obtain a letter of introduction from a new customer causes negligence. * Failure to enquire into the source of supply of large funds into an account, which has been kept in a poor condition for a long time, constitutes negligence.

Historical Context Versus Human Behavior in “The Scarlet Letter”

The cerise garner was set in Boston, Massachusetts in the mid 1600s and follows the backlash of the sinful act amongst Hester Prynne and Bostons own Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. In an ironic and masterfully executed red-herring type twist, Dimmesdale himself overt anyy calls for Hester to name her sinner-in-crime in the number one of the trading floor, which she adamantly declines to do. The proofreader, at this bill, does not bonk that Dimmesdale is her adulterer, moreover knows that the game is afoot.Hester is given a scarlet A to wear upon her chest for her sin and bears the A with a sense of purpose and dignity, even embroidering it with halcyon thread. Hester and her daughter of sin, Pearl, end up living in a small cottage where Hester earns a living with her skillful needlework. And, in an attempt to show her humble, moreover revel in it, Hester only dresses Pearl in scarlet dresses. Hesters long-lost and presumed dead husband, Roger Chillingworth, returns to find H ester in prison for her deed and informs her that she is to tell no whiz of his identity.Much later, once he establishes himself in society with a false identity as a physician, he is summoned to help the ailing Dimmesdale. Chillingworth begins to believe that Dimmesdale expertness be suffering from a malady beyond the physical which brings him to discover that Dimmesdale is an adulterer and Pearls stick. Enraged and seeking revenge, Chillingworth plots to destroy Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale is so fraught(p) with guilt at this point that he punishes himself physically, fasts, and staves off sleeping for a constant vigil.He feels a deep sorrow and horror for what he has through with(p) to Hesters husband and tells Hester, at which point she begins to see that Chillingworth must be behind Dimmesdales quickly declining health. Hester and Dimmesdale cave in a moment in the timber where she confesses that Chillingworth is actually her husband. Dimmesdale is willing to face the truth. T hey plan to set sail for the Old World immediately, and in an act of freedom, Hester removes her A and lets down her h communicate. Pearl becomes so agitated that Hester has to once again don her shame, and this beat it is with true sadness.They must wait until after(prenominal) Election Day to set sail and Dimmesdale eagerly begins his final, enlightening, sermon. At the end, he brings Hester and Pearl up on stage and confesses everything to the town. This, of course, ruins Chillingworths plan to destroy Dimmesdale as he watches with fury while everything is revealed. As the story ends, Dimmesdale dies on the public platform after his confession, Chillingworth dies a year later, and Pearl inherits his fortune. Years later, Hester is buried next to Dimmesdale in the town cemetery.In 1841, Hawthorne wrote a letter confessing that he was beginning to despise life in Salem and asks, dost thou not think it really the most hateful place in all the world? My theme becomes heavynothing makes me wonder more than that I found it possible to write all my narrations in this same region of sleepy-head and stupidity (Moore, 2). He wrote this letter to Sophia, his wife, and it represents very clearly what he thought of his town of Salem and his Puritanical upbringings. It is from this resentment that The Scarlet Letter was born.Going further back in Hawthornes life, his father diedwhen he was four, an age at which, according to Freud, the male child forms a crucial attachment to his induceconsequently, he was able to supplant his father in his mothers affections. His attachment to his mother became an impediment to his psychological maturationespecially when she died (Kennedy-Andrews, 107-108). According to this information, The Scarlet Letter becomes an easy and remarkable correspond to Hawthornes own personal life.Hesters husband dies while at sea, leaving her to believe him dead and free to seek new male companionship. A reader could parallel this to Hawthornes li fe in which his father died and his mother was left to seek new male companionship, albeit, with her own son. This parallel can be defined even further as throughout the story Hawthorne continually defines Hester in terms of motherhoodand in the very beginning of the narrative, Hawthorne establishes Hesters similitude to the Oedipal underpinnings of the story (Kennedy-Andrews, 108).As the Oedipal complex goes, the son seeks to supplant his father for his mothers affections. In most cases, as Kennedy-Andrews remarks, the son is forced to contend with a very real father figure for these affections and becomes fearful and backs down (107). In Hawthornes case, without a father figure from such a young age, he became the man in his mothers life and the Oedipal complex became fulfilled. In fact, Hawthornes work aims to produce an invisible change, an internal deepening like that which transforms the letter even as its form remains identical (Kennedy-Andrews, 81).Hesters attitude towards the A is to wear it, not with resignation, but accepting it as part of her life. Embroidering it with princely and crafting scarlet dresses for Pearl to wear signify this transformation externally. It is internally, in Hesters character, that the letter changes much more significantly. She wears it as part of her life, accepting what she did, but the shame she feels slowly transforms Hester into a woman respected indoors the community. And the shame she once felt for Pearl is transformed into pure, satisfying love for a creation condescension the fact that Pearl was consummated through sin.In the 1600s the act of sin and breaking from religion became the greatest crime and the basis for Puritanical beliefs. In this, and perhaps only this, Hawthorne follows history and makes a poignant mockery of the human conditionmost precisely, the value stripped from women when they fall so far from boon as to partake in human desires. The fact that Hesters human desire happens to be a religio us leader of the community only serves to play up this point more.Hawthornes use of symbolism throughout further demonstrates how the mores and ideals of the Puritanical community practically destroyed the very reason that the Puritans came to America in the original placefor freedom, as we are taught in history, without persecution or tyrannical leadership. Instead, the characters inwardly The Scarlet Letter created their own sense of justice persecuting women who are not docile and compliant, like Eve from Biblical lore (before she forces Adam to eat the cursed apple, of course).As a historical work, The Scarlet Letter cannot be trusted as to the accuracy of events or people involved. Hawthorne attempts to undermine the Puritan communitys judgment of Hester by employing a sentimental nineteenth-century narrator, uninformed about the spiritual complexities of the story he tells (Thickstun, 133). This is where Hawthornes work loses all credence as a historical work of the 1600s. His narrator is fully nineteenth-century, exposing views that simply did not exist within society until Hawthornes own time. While his views make for a compelling and entertaining story, they falter in historical truth.However, if this work is looked at closely, it becomes clear that Hawthornes life in the mid 1800s actually serves as a greater historical reference for the morals and attitudes presented in the story. Historically, it can be say that yes, there were inhabitants in Massachusetts during the 1600s, and they did profess Puritanical beliefs, much like the inhabitants of Boston where The Scarlet Letter takes place. However, the story within The Scarlet Letter is not that of history, it is that of human behavior and is better studied for a glimpse into humanity than for historical truths.In fact, The Scarlet Letter should not be read if the reader is hoping to find strong roots in historical context, but can be studied, to great reward, if a reader is in search of a tale i nspired by true human emotions brought on by the politics enforced by a strong Puritanical society. Hawthorne use the politics and resulting changes in humanity from his own time period to form the characters and interactions in his work. In looking at the characters, Hawthorne penetrates their subconscious minds and grapples with the secrets and compulsions he finds there.He too, plays master to his fictionalized slaves. And in recognizing this, he too, saw himself as a kind of spiritual villain, a marauder of the mind, and this perspective endows all of his work in both its technique and creation with an air of brooding and ineradicable guilt (Reynolds, 50). It cannot be said that he ignored events from history or took a specific view on them however he created his own history with the lives of Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, their resulting daughter, Pearl, and the lives of those they touched.Historically, in an effort to determine whether Hawthornes descriptions are a ccurate, one can look at the values of the Puritans as a basis for study. Beyond the social, cultural, and actions of the characters, however, The Scarlet Letter leaves much to be desired for historical accuracy. In truth, Hawthorne based the story upon his own cultural times, placing his characters into a time period in which he knew prejudices against sin would make a marvelous tale.By his time, the Salem witch trials were well known, and his background in Puritanical beliefs would acquit made inserting characters into that background an easy feat. Hawthorne, it can be decided, focuses on the story within the backdrophow the characters themselves shape historyand seems unconcerned with literal historical events within his tale. As to my opinion about historical events, no, Hawthorne did not change them. What he did was to make me see, very clearly, how easy it is for one person to become the focal point of sin within a community.To paraphrase Gary Scharnhorsts The Critical Respon se to Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, the word adultery is never actually used within The Scarlet Letter, yet a reader understands very clearly by the attitudes of the characters that Hester has committed the worst of all sins and has to be physically, outwardly punished for all time. The one thing that separates humans from the other animals of this world is the ability to choose between right and wrong. Animals are unable to make this rationalization.But, as Hawthorne has so adeptly shown, the superior is often a non-issue when swept away by the driving force of a larger crowd. On their own, humans can choose between right and wrong without consequence. In a group, a dissenter would be punished just as Hester wasmarked publically for all to see. In this, Hawthorne is a master. The fact that he based his work in a well-known time period serves no greater purpose than for dramatic effect. His story would be the same if set in any other time period, with any other sin. Imag ine if Hawthorne had written about a young servant young woman during the reign of King Henry VIII.She could present born his child or spoken out against Catholicism and been given the same fate. Her fate probably would assimilate been death, and in his punishment, Hawthorne was delicateif anything he is historically inaccurate here. Witches and women of less than perfect repute were often put to death, not degraded by wearing a public symbol. In this he was kind, but from the outcome of the story we know why. He wanted Pearl to grow up through the castigation of her mother and still prosper in the end. The object of sin became the reason for Hesters being, and a powerful symbol of a different kind of justice.A pearl, after all, within a dark sea that appears to be full of tragedy and strife, can still become a most beautiful jewel. Truly, The Scarlet Letter is a work of fiction. The characters are not real and their lives did not play out in known history however, what Hawthorne presents, and which I feel is more important, is what could have happened. The moral of his work is not to retell an unfortunate act, but to show the nature of human character and how there is a moment where a plectrum must be made between good and evil. The fact that Hawthorne was raised with Puritanical beliefs only seems to lend more weight to this theme.And this is what I enjoyed about The Scarlet Letter. Hawthornes life fills the pages of his work with a profound message for humanity. The scenes could have played out in any society, based upon any sin. Hawthorne even leaves a bit for the reader to infer about humanity with the final line of the book, on a field, sable, the letter A, gules or, is stained red (Hawthorne, 201). From this, we can ask does the scarlet letter stand for sin or for cleansing? Is the epitaph a word of despair or hope? In what direction did Hawthorne intend to lead our thoughts?If asked, he would have said, read out of your own heart (Scharnhorst, 13 1). And this, I think, is what readers should remember when studying his work. Being human means making choices based not only on who we are, but who others around us are and how they choose. Following the crowd, while most do so without thinking, is not always the best choice and does not, as in the case of Hester, serve the right kind of justice. In the end, once the truth is revealed, Hester finally finds peace, and the fact that her peace was granted, not by the town that punished her, but by her adulterer, is most striking of all.

Pre Writing Skills

PRE WRITING TECHNIQUES Pre piece is the first stage of the writing process, typically followed by drafting, revision, editing and publishing. Elements of prewriting may embarrass planning, research, outlining, diagramming, storyboarding or clustering etc. Prewriting is key because it helps you generate ideas for writing. Some of the prewriting techniques are 1. Outlining 2. Free Writing 3. Thinking maps 4. Cubing 5. Directed Questioning 6. agate line making and n one and only(a) taking 7. Brain storming 8. Clustering 9. Charting 10. ScanningThe event of individually skill along with its examples is keepn below. 1. Outlining An outline is a document that briefly summarizes the information that will be included in a paper, book, speech, or similar document. It shows the order in which the information will be presented and indicates the relationship of the pieces of information to each other. By making an outline of the document which we begin to compose gives us inside of our d ocument. Examples 1. Suppose a cosmopolitan situation in which a person is given to pen an phrase on a general issuing, what should he do after opting his topic?Of course he will begin to collect data for his article, now while collecting data, as he read by means of books and articles, he will create an might card. From each source the gathered information will be put in an index card. That index card will be his outline of that article and that process which he has adopted is outlining. 2. Consider another situation in which you are needed to write an essay on your favorite personality (say Quaid-e-Azam). You will make an outline for the material you want to include in the essay. E. g. Birth, early education, higher education, spare-time activitys, works, oddment etc. . Free Writing A strategy designed to free ideas from your subconscious take heed and gets them vote out on paper. This kind of writing is free in another sense you dont need to worry close punctuation, correct grammar usage, etc. Your main objective is to write for a sustained period of time (ten to 15 minutes) without stopping. In this you are free to make mistakes and write whatever you want. Examples 1. Suppose you are a student and your professor has just given you an assignment. You are required to write a paper about a specific topic, or to buzz off up with a topic of your own.You begin to panic. Where do I exit? you may ask yourself. How do I begin? There is just no need to be worried. Take your pen and start writing each and everything related to that topic. Once you have done this, now just organize the things and note them neatly. 2. Suppose you are an Electrical engineer and you work in an office and your BOSS has assigned you a task to estimate budget plan of constructing a building. Obviously it is not your job but order is order. As it is not your job, you dont need to be panic and you can write anything that comes in your mind about the assigned task. . Think ing Maps Thinking maps are regnant tools to help you gather ideas and arrange information as you prepare to write for any occasion and purpose. It shows you how the parts of a subject are related. Once a person understands the essentials, thinking maps can be like completing a puzzle which is interesting. Examples 1. 2. Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Water vapor, a gas returns to fluent state Liquid water falls as rain, sleet, hail, or snow Liquid water becomes water vapours, a gas 4. Cubing Cubing is the art of explaining any topic from diverse perspectives.Cubing is an excellent tool for rapidly exploring a topic. It reveals quickly what you know and what you dont know, and it may alert you to decide to narrow or expand your topic. These perspectives may include 1. Describing to others. 2. Comparing with others. 3. Associating with others. 4. Analyzing it. 5. Its applications and usage. 6. Argue for or against it. Examples 1. If you produce a cosmetic item, you share yo ur production with others, compare it with other cosmetic items, relate it to a severe quality item, analyze it either it is costly or not, tell its benefits and at last give arguments in its favor. . If you are a mobile phone dealer, you go to different shops and tell them you sell Nokia or Samsung phones, you compare your items with other mobiles, relate your links that you are trustworthy dealer, you discuss its financial aspects and try to convince shop custodian to buy mobiles from you. Cubing helps you to write all this procedure in a good way. 5. Directed Questioning This technique works when you have a topic of your interest but you are not sure what and how to write it. It this kind of situation, you dont need to expand your thoughts, rather you have to limit your ideas to the point.Also when you question yourself about the topic you are going to write, this mechanism of questioning makes it easier to write about the topic. Examples 1. If you are asked to write about educ ational services of Sir Sayad Ahmad Khan, you can discuss diachronic background of Sir Sayad but your focus should be educational services, and not the other aspects because it is not necessary to include all the things. 2. If you are given any travail, you select it and then questions can make it easy to write about ite. g. why you are interesting in this project?How you got this idea? What are merits of it? What are demerits of it (if any)? Is this project financially supportive? etc. 6. Note making and Note taking The storing capacities of human memory are limited. It is useful, therefore, to know how to efficiently make notes of what one wants to remember. Note taking is a technique which is used when a person is reading or hearing something for the first time and he is trying to jot down the key information so he can use it later. Note making is when you return to those notes and make notes on them.This means you just go through notes, put things into your own words or summar ize them and highlight key points. This technique is useful while gathering information for a respective article from books and lectures etc. Examples 1. This technique is helpful when you are going to study a language other than you mother tongue. Because it is not easy to remember a covey of knowledge and vocabulary of the countenanceary language in one attempt. So there will be a need to read it again to hit the books and remember more about new language. 2. If you are attending a technical lecture (e. g. elated to some machine or something else), it is a good practice to make lecture notes because you might need them to make comprehensive understanding of the topic. 7. Brainstorming It means thinking of as many ideas as doable in a short amount of time. Brainstorming involves capturing all of the thoughts, ideas, and fragments in your head and writing them down on paper. Brainstorming is an informal way of generating topics to write about, or points to make about your topic. The important point about brainstorming is that there should be no pressure to be excellent. You should simply adequate to(p) their minds to whatever comes into them.Think of it as a kind of free association. When someone say literacy what pops into our mind? Most of us will come up with more unavailing ideas, but thats okay. Examples 1. If a person has a lot of money, he thinks what he can do with it. He can visit other countries, can give donations to charity, he can buy books and also he can give scholarships with this money. This is brainstorming because all these ideas come in a persons mind n a short time duration. 2. If you are asked to write some memorable experiences of your life, your mind just click and many such moments will come in your mind.This is also brainstorming. 8. Clustering Clustering is a non-linear brainstorming technique whose results yield a visual representation of subject and organization. Clustering is a procreative tool that helps us to connect thoug hts, feelings, and ideas not connected before. It allows us to loosely structure ideas as they occur in a shape that allows for the further extension of ideas. It taps our associative powers in a self-organizing process, encouraging us to create personally meaningful patterns. Examples 1. What else caused the War? Was slavery really the main issue? well-bred War Main Events Outcomes Causes People of Interest Slavery Pres Emancipation Poverty Gettysburg ? Atlanta Mobile phone 2. Phone calls, messaging Cost and comparison Media faker specifications 9. Charting Sometimes you will want to organize your ideas in the form of a chart. This technique works very well for comparison or contrast writing or examining advantages and disadvantages ( that is also a comparison). You can make many kind of charts depending on your topic and also the king of writing you are doing. Examples 1. 2. City colonisationAdvantages More Job, health, education and transport facilities Less job, health, ed ucation and transport facilities Disadvantages Noise, air, water pollution Calm atmosphere, pure vegetables, no noise 10. Scanning Scanning involves a process of quickly searching reading materials in order to locate specific bits of information. When scanning you dont start from the beginning and read to the end. Instead, what you do is jump some in the text, trying to find the information you need. Scanning can help you locate specific pieces of information and gain an overview of the main points in an article or text.Examples 1. Suppose you are searching the meaning of a word in dictionary. Easy way to do this is that you first look the first alphabet, then second and so on until you reach the desired word. It is easier than starting from the first word of the dictionary to look the meaning. 2. While looking a number in a telephone book, you simply jump to the starting word of the name or other information known to you. This saves time. In this way Scanning involves moving ones eyes quickly down the page seeking specific words and phrases.

Home Rehab Day at Tymco

During the rehab, the staff members from disparate units at Tymco became better acquainted. First, everyone in this activity overlap ideas and took responsibility for what they were expert on. Second, they trusted each group to work on different things. At last, the case also provides evidence that people worked in Tymco who came from different units worked a lot with each other rather than worked with people from their own discipline.For example, Boudreau, the supervisor of technical documentation, worked with Benito from translation services and Jenkins from technical training, but not vindicatory worked with his own discipline workmates. Team spirit grows The home rehab day really gave a boost to team spirit. We drop see that each member real assigned or self-appointed responsibility. They also discovered strengths and weakness. Only two days, they finished rehab the house. They worked well together. The ten participants painting the house together toward the end of the decl are oneself showed that teamwork was developing.At the end of the day, they exchanged smiles, high fives and hugs 1, and received positive feedback from the family. Problems in the house rehab day At the end of the day, Ian, a staff from the technical manual group, commented that substitute shingles having no particular impact on becoming a better team player. Ians comment was valid on both sides doctor shingles didnt fix relationships, and also valid because fixing that shingle couldnt consider you a team player.I agree with Ians comment because in front we can have a better team player, it takes time to build up some bonds in order to get to work together. Maria and Cortez cant really expect that a 2-days activity would change members perspective of working in a group. In my opinion, these kinds of activities should take place regularly perchance once a month. Also, the case mentioned that employees have actually never have lunch together, so maybe if they do that too, the rel ationship between them will be better.

Preschool Observation Essay

My preschool manifestation was completed at Chula Vista Presbyterian Preschool primed(p) at 940 Hilltop Drive, Chula Vista, Ca 91911. The school path consisted of eight children amongst the progresss of three and five. When I walked into the preschool classroom the children had just arrive at school. The assimilator were hanging up their bags, translateing estimablebye to their p bent and scrapeing bodily function to black market with before the day would offici on the wholey begin. Some of the children were putting puzzles to doher, cutting fun courses on the d knowledgehearted card for Halloween and two cute diminutive girls are routineing bubbles in a tub near the cubbies with a rug underneath. The classroom environment seemed to stimulate learning due to the abundance of activities uncommitted to the childrens. During the morning playtime the children were presumptuousness the opportunity to explore m each different comminutedgs, analogous the Dramatic play pa rt grocery set up, the Art scene of action where children brook paint, draw and colors, and putting puzzles together. The physical classroom environment had artwork siree by the children on the walls as decoration.There were also fence with pumpkin vine and scarecrow decoration on the wall to b functionen up the wall. The decoration did not appear to be too distracting, which promotes and en qualifieds a stimulating learning environment. The classroom is pretty much large that were arrange in sectional areas next to the cubbies is the Reading corner, the area is carpeted where 6 nice pillows, two small rocking chair and one regular chair are arranged go close a chair for teaching. There is a book stand where children can ointment books. The Math area consist of pictures numbers and puzzle games and shapes. There is also the Letter corner where pictures and corres ponding letter shows. Dramatic play which is set up as grocery where boxes of cereals, eggs, canned correct ite ms were on display. There is also a cash register and shopping b getets available. The Childrens corner shows pictures and name of students, calendars, enumerations and annunciation and also the star student. All tables and chairs beat the size check to small children, shelves was arranged to separate sectional areas from the other.There is a long table by the cubbies that served as dining table for the children. Half of the ceiling has some vibrant little pumpkin decoration. The bathroom is located to the other classroom adjacent to the room I observed. in that respect is a small paper towel dispenser and trash can nearthe cubbies. The instructor kept to herself for the more or less part while the children crabbed playing at the beginning of the day. Because of the small class size she was able to see what everyone was doing without walking around the room. The assistant teacher is on the table circumstances two children glued the scare crow on the big paper for decoration . There were no disciplinary action needed because the children were well be lived except for occasional(a) reminders of the use of classroom joint when the kids got too excited singing along with the music being played.after forty five minutes of childrens birth playtime, the teacher rang the bill for circle time. But before that, she asks all the children to clean up and keep an eye for every proboscis if they do their task. I spy that all children were doing their part, however if they dont play on the grocery area they put away all the scattered items, which consumes me believe that the teachers values the space she is given and wants her students to know that cleaning up toys and other activities when they are through playing is principal(prenominal). During the circle time, children were sitting crisscross on a carpeted section, the teacher start singing a happy song where the children sing too when the teacher mentioned the name of the child the child will stand and dan ce. Its like doing the attendance in a fun way where all children acceded.After the song, teacher and childrens prayed together. They adduce thanks for that day being together with friends and teachers, for their parents and ask for safety. After that, the children were ushered to the next room were bathrooms are located. The teachers help the children potty and wash their hands before they go the table for snacks. A long table for eight was on the middle of the classroom, the assistant teacher prepares g gray fish, 3 carrot sticks and raisins for their snacks. She also put a juice in a small plastic container with a handle where the kids pour their juice by themselves. The teachers is observation closely and reminding the children to pour half exactly and save some for their friends, I forecast they are instilling the values of sharing. After the snacks, the children throw their napkins and push their chair back to the table and goes straight to the Math area. The children were sitting crisscrossed again facing a small blackboard the teacher is sitting on the right side.They were learning the letter F and each student were asked what word starts with letter F. All the children, answered correctly although some of them was helped by their classmates,which was reprimanded by the teacher and tell them to give other the chance to come back and give their answers. When they were done sounding the linguistic act upon they were given a cut out frog paper with a numbers on it and was told that when they hear their number they will jump on the pond (middle) and leave the frog. The children start singing the speckles frog song and each child jumps in the pond when their number was called. It was so much fun watching them and I was thinking that they are committed to provide a play-based, take aimmentally appropriate program that guides each child through the process of learning self-regulation. When the song ended, children were seamed up and ask to put their b umper up to get ready to play in the playground.They went out the same door to get in playground is located on the opposite side of the building. The children walked on the lined pathway. Before they cross the street, the teacher points to twain sides of the street and ask if it safe to cross. When children look at both side and saw no cars coming they unanimously answered yes. The playground is consist of big slides, a tire swing, small basketball area, a monkey bars, a small play house, the table bucket on the sand area where children can play water on it. There is a carpeted shaded area too where children can read books, or play some puzzles or board games. There is also table with some art crafts. Shelves full of toys were reorient with the shoe box. I saw a medicine cabinet too on the far right side of the shelves. I stayed on the chair by the medicine cabinet this would not attract children attentions or block their way. Both the teacher and assistant teacher were outside to watch the kids, making sure they dont hurt themselves or hurt each other. They constantly reminding and approaching the children when they see inappropriate used of toys and equipments.The children who were playing too rough were ask to stopover if not they will ask to find different games to play. The teacher also participates in playing pretend on the big slides as their pirate channel and some kids play the role of pirate and captain of the ship. The preschool provides a Christian atmosphere that promotes the spiritual, emotional, physical and able growth of each child. This evidence by the colorful posters outside the building that says Faith is Journey God lead Us Forth Gods Presence is our Destination. As you enter the classroom, there is a signing sheet not all for students but for everybody coming in and out the classroom. The supply and teachers are veryfriendly as I approached them they were smiling and say Hi Can I help you? When I introduced myself and told them th e reason why I was there, they ask me how they can be of help to make my observation easier and productive. They also show me where I can sit and observed not too distant where I still hear children talks and not too close to attract their attention. I feel that there is a good relationship too between the parents and staff because they are happily talking the childs progress and how they are doing even the silliest thing the child did at home.The school is not gated but I sense datumd some guarantor because the classrooms are located behind the church. Most of the students are Hispanic, Asian, African-American and Caucasian children. Both the teacher and the assistant teacher is Hispanic and the Director is Caucasian. I would say this preschool is very diverse and children learn how to respect, help and play with each other regardless of race, color and gender. According to Mrs. brownness, they have 12 regular children on this season range, but 2 children were sick that day and 2 was on vacation. The teacher/child ratio is usually 6 children per teacher, but most of the time student teachers were available to help and watch the children.The teachers, Mrs. Rodriguez and Mrs. Baptista were very attentive to the needs of the children whenever the child goes to them for help they patiently listen and talk to the child in low voice and loving way. The teachers were able to interpret words and actions of the child. You can feel their sincerity and caring. The staffs communicate with each other in providing activities and materials that children find engaging. By facilitating learning, supplying a developmentally appropriate environment, interesting materials and adequate time to explore, play and interact, children find learning easy and funThe ChildThe preschool child I observed was A J. Mrs. Brown ask me to used initials to ensure positiveiality of the child, since I dont have permission from the parents. But she allows me to describe the child based on my o bservation and judgment. A J is taller than most of her classmates and has a lean body not overweight or skinny. She has a full cheeks, I can see a full sets of teeth when she smiles and fair Caucasian skin. A J is three years old and eleven months, the teacher graciously gave an estimate of her weight andheight. She weighs 35 pounds and 39.5 inches tall. According to the teacher, she started at the preschool when she is 2 years old and 4 months. A J has a short curly blonde hair, with blue eyes and thin blonde eye brows. She is wearing a big pink flower passingband that matches her short summer dress under a white zipped sweatshirt.When A J first arrived, she greeted all the teachers. She tell Good morning Mrs. Rodriguez Good morning Mrs. Batista (should be Baptista) and peeked to the other room where Mrs. Brown is and said Good morning Mrs. Brown. When A J saw me, I smiled to her and she gave me a small smile and walked straight to Mrs. Rodriguez. I heard Mrs. Rodriguez telling her she is our visitor. A J asked My smart teacher? No, she is exhalation to watch and do her job. She said ok. And when her classmates saw her, three of them approached and ask her to play with them.Which she refused and said I am passing play to do make my scare crow. She is the only child that said good morning first to all the teachers. This caught my attention because I see a happy and sweet little girl, aside from being so pretty. I chose here to be the subject of this observation because aside from being fit to the age requirement, her smile is contagious and there is something on her that capture your attention, I cant explain yet but I am going to find out what draws batchs attention into her.Biosocial DevelopmentA J weighs 35 pounds and three feet and 3 inches by the time she reaches 6 years old she will weigh around 44 pounds and three feet tall and nine inches. She is within the normal range for her age (Berger, 167). A J is physically fit her body is well proportio ned and leaned. Her growth will be expected to slow down by the age five and six, where her legs and arms lengthen, fat turns to muscles (Berger, 167). This enables her to balance her body and en bliss the fun of dancing, running and playing without falling or slipping. I noticed during snacks, A j finished first the carrot slice. I think this is the reason why she is lean because those who eat more vegetables and fewer fried foods usually gain bone mass but not fat (Berger, 168). When A J is working on her scare crow, she asks the teacher if she can cut the pant and shirt shape paper. I noticed that she was holding the paper on her left hand and scissor on the right hand and I can see that she is concentrating in what she is doing. Both sides of the brain are normally compound in almost every skill (Berger, 179).She was able to cut the paper pant and shirt perfectly by following the line. This shows A Js eye-hand coordination is well balanced. She both used her hand in shaking the small plastic glue bottle and squeezed it to the edge of the pant and shirt following the shape without a mess. I noticed too that A J used both hands in pouring the juice in her cup, using her right hand to hold the handle of the plastic container and left hand on the bottom of the container to avoid spill and to control how much juice she will pour. A J demonstrates perseveration when she was approached by her classmates and asks to play with them but she replied I am going to make my scare crow and she did finished it.Many children ages between 3 and 5, are impulsive flitting to one activity to another (Berger, 178) A Js demo her well-developed fine go skills by cutting the paper, draw flowers on the board pick-up her snacks, unzipped her sweatshirt and ties her shoes (Berger, 170). When A J unzipped her sweatshirt she could not undo the zipper at the bottom to completely unzip so she pulled it from the hood over her head to take it off. She was dancing and jumping on the carpe t during circle time. While outside on the playground A J was running nonstop on the entire playground, push the tire swing with her foot and climbed up the ladder, ride the bike, lift water bucket to transfer water to the sand box. I didnt see her falling or slipping on any of these activities. She has a good balance and these means A Js gross motor skills are well-developed (Berger, 170).Cognitive DevelopmentPiaget second period of Preoperational intelligence shows symbolic thoughts (Berger, 182). While doing the scare crow project, A J asks the teacher Mrs. Rodriguez can I have a big scare crow? The teacher ask why she replied to protect us from the witch This symbolic thought explained animism. Many puppyish children believed that natural objects are alive (Berger, 182). A J demonstrates egocentrism when the scarecrow project is done she said perfect I will show this to mommy, Im sure she will love it Egocentric children contemplate the world exclusively from their personal per spective. She expected that her mom will love what she did (Berger, 182) I noticed that A J focuses on appearance. When her boy classmate told her they have the same shoes, she replied No, were not. Mine is pink, yours is blue.Although, they are both have converse shoes the only difference is the color (Berger, 182). When A J entered the room she immediately approached all the teachers saying good morning. She even starts her day on the table working with her teacher, petition questions how to do it and her teacher in return is guiding and helping her how to do the work. A J is learning on what Vygotsky believed social learning. This emphasized that thinking is shaped by other peoples wishes and goals. A J is learning from her teacher through channelize participation within her regularise of proximal development (ZPD) an intellectual demesne where new ideas and skills can be mastered. Her learning depends on the teachers willingness and ability to provide scaffolding or tempora ry support to help within their developmental zone (Berger, 184).A J is very curious she always asks her teacher questions like why do we need a lot of scare crow? why do we need to hang it why Ayana is not here directly she even asks Why Mrs. Brown is wearing a Charger shirt today? And when she is not satisfied with the teachers answer, she would say maybe because today is Fun Friday According to theory-theory, the best explanation for cognition is that human seek reasons, causes and underlying principles to make sense of their experience. Curiosity and thought, connecting bits of knowledge and observation develop theories that help young children understand and remember (Berger, 186). A J doesnt show any idea of what others thinking. hypothesis of mind is not richly developed at this young age. This ability is slow to develop but typically beginning in most children at about age 4 (Berger, 186.)Language DevelopmentA Js brought a book to her lap where three of her girl classmat e gathered. I have story to share she said. A J held the book up for the group to see and said the title of the book is From Head To Toe a favorite of mine and then set the book on her lap and opened it to the first page. Ana pointed to each illustration and told a story based on what she saw in each picture. She pointed to the next and turned the pages one by one. When she reached the end of the book, she closed it and said the end. Then returning to the children and ask Does anyone have a questions? A J displays significant language development in this situation. By four year old most children are able to say 5-20 sentence length and they have about3,000-10,000 vocabulary words. (Berger,189). Her verbal language skills are remarkable when she speaks in complete and grammatically correct sentences. At her age, she was able to use the a article in her sentence.She was able to say the correct words by looking at the picture identifying the different kinds of animals and describing wh at are they doing. This is the process called fast mapping wherein children develop an interconnected set of categories for words. When A J is done working on her scare crow, she said to herself yes Im done Occasionally, while reading the book to her classmate she is mumbling words like yeah, thats right. I saw her nodding her head while watching her classmate put the puzzle together conforming maybe that what her classmates doing is right.This shows that A J makes use of private speech, which is talking to herself either out lout or in ones mind (Berger, 188). She communicates very well with her teacher and classmates. During snacks, A J was telling her classmates that her birthday is coming up and its going to be a costume fellowship. She happily announces shes going to be Queen Elsa. Isabella said I want to be princess Ana Sam said Its nice if we have reversal And everyone agreed to have a snow idea.Psychosocial DevelopmentErikson thought young children are naturally motivated to take initiative, with joy at new tasks, yet vulnerable to feeling guilty (Berger, 206) A J demonstrates a positive sense of self through her initiative and sentience of her own skills and accomplishment. A J was so happy when she finished her project by herself. She feels so proud when the teacher praises her with her work. She even wants to show it to her mom. But she mat shameful when the teacher reprimands her from helping her classmates answer the questions during circle time. She looks down and stays quite. Controlling the expression of emotions, called emotional regulation is the preeminent psychosocial task between ages 2 and 6 (Berger, 206). A J displays pro-social behavior when she cooperates with her peers during clean up time, sharing space on the circle time when Samantha wants to sit by Reese by pitiful to the other side (Berger, 226).A J displays empathy in numerous occasions. Empathy is the understanding of other peoples feeling and concerns (Berger, 226) When Sa mantha was dropped off by her mom she seemed to be sad and clingy. A J approached Samantha and said Hi Samantha, ComeIm going to show you my scare crow. After that, Samantha is smiling already and starts doing her scare crow. Another example is when the children were running at the same time splashing water on the playground and Reese fell on her knees A J said stop Reese got hurt and everybody stop and the teacher check Reese and asked to move out to the shaded area to get check so others can continue playing. Temperaments vary, which makes people within the same culture unlike one another (Berger, 208) A J is so expressive of her emotions.She giggles so loud when she is happy and got too excited. She even jumps and claps her hands when the teacher announces today is fun Friday. She felt sad and quiet when the teacher told her to lodge for her turn to ride the bike. But she didnt show any sign of aggression or develop antipathy to her classmates because after a few minutes she is already playing and active again. A J develops unshakable gender awareness when she, Isabella, Samantha and Reese gathered together having a tea party while playing outside. When Nathan sat on the vacant chair she said only girls here go back to your pirate ship pointing to the group of boys playing by the big slides (Berger, 206).PlayYoung children play best with peers, that is, people of about the same age in which they develop positive social skills (Berger, 212). Children need physical activity to develop muscle strength and control. Peers provide an audience, role models and competition. trouble play and socio-dramatic play both help children with socialization (Berger, 214). A J enjoys playing, inside and outside the classroom. I observed that she loves socio-dramatic play where they act out diverse roles and plots (Berger 214). She pretends to be the teacher when she read books to her classmates and play tea party. A J and the other girls joined the pirate game played by t he boys when their tea party is over. In the playground, she climbed up the ladder and slides. Rode the tire swing and spin it so fast that makes me dizzy watching them.They play hide and seek rode the bike, and even allowed to play in the water tub as long as they take out their shoes and wear the vest so they dont get wet. I think this is where they stayed most during outside play. The children are splashing water with each other others and some are trying to make sand castling on the sand area collecting waterfrom the tub using a small bucket. I would say she is very strong and healthy because she can lift the bucket full of water without dropping the bucket or spill. A J plays most of the time with her classmate. She displays cooperative play Children play together, creating dramas or taking turns (Berger, 212).The Whole Child and Over All ImpressionI enjoyed observing this preschool, especially A J. At the beginning, I cant fully understand what captures my attention to her. No w I know, its the confidence she is showing as she enters the classroom. Her aura reflects a fun loving, happy, active and smart little girl. She doesnt show any hesitation coming in the classroom. The way she talks amazed me. She can express herself, using more than 5 words in a sentence without difficulty in speaking. She can communicate using words that are understandable and grammatically correct to her classmates and teachers. Although, I hear her tally of times that she mispronounced Mrs. Baptistas last name as Mrs. Batista which I know will master sooner as her brain goods. A J develop a secure attachment which according to our text feels comfortable and confident (Berger, 142) to the environment and to the teachers since she is already with them since she was 2 years old and 4 months.Its a place like home to her and when she saw me (a stranger) stayed close to the teacher and ask about me seeking for assurance I believed and feels safe again (Berger, 142). A Js physical de velopment is observed to be normal and healthy. Her gross motor skills are well developed. She is very active and capable of doing what four years old supposed to do considering she is only 3 years old and 11 months such as walking, running, jumping, dancing, bending, climbed at the ladder without any physical unbalance. During play she giggles and laughs most of the time which the teachers always remind her to lower her voice, which sometimes she listens but sometimes not. A J displays an excellent level in social development. She demonstrated what Vygotsky believed that thinking is shaped by other peoples wishes and goals (Berger, 184). Since she started at the preschool by the age of 2 years and 4 months, you can see the marry between her and the teachers. I can see that she enjoys the company of her friends and teacher, she always play with her classmates all the time.She displayed cooperative and high self-esteemvaluing herself as a person and confident at her age. I was surpr ised that at her age, she can control her emotions. She didnt show any sign of aggression even when she was pushed in the line or fell on her bottom or when she wants something what other childrens playing. She would ask her teacher if she can play with that toy and the teacher will ask her to wait for her turn or ask the child if A J can play with her/him together. She demonstrated perseveration when she was approached by her classmates and asks to play with her which I admired the most because many children ages between 3 and 5 are impulsive flitting to one activity to another (Berger, 178). Also, when were told to stop teaching her classmates words that start with letter F although she is upset, she quietly wait for her turn to be ask. I noticed that she finished every activity and play before jumping to another. I know its hard to master this at the very young age but she did it.That makes her exemplary good on this level of development. A Js wonderment makes her smart and lear ned new things. She constantly asks questions to her teachers and classmates about anything to understand and remember (Berger, 186). And I can see that she is learning very well through guided participation within her zone of proximity. A Js cognitive development seemed to be average, at her age. Her preoperational thought is symbolic and magical (Berger, 182).She is not mature to have logical thinking. Maybe this is the reason why she enjoyed socio dramatic play most of the time. She believed that the big scare crow will protect her from the witch. She is fond of Olaf the snow man friend of Queen Elsa in the movie Frozen. She wished to have Olaf on her birthday. She is egocentric where she expected that other people would appreciate and love things she do (Berger, 182). She focusses on appearance and I think fully aware of gender differences as she pointed out to her boy classmates that they are different because of shoe color and the boys is not allowed to play tea party.She make s me smiles most of the time (because I cant laugh while observing them) with her actions and words, especially when they are talking about their snacks and she said I have a goldfish sandwich as she make goldfish put raisins on the middle to make it like a sandwich. That makes all her classmates laugh and think of something silly too to describe their snack. She can even pretend to be the teacher while reading the books to them. Its so surprise how she can do the story-telling just like what herteacher do from the beginning till the end. And Im surprised how her classmates give their full attention as she pretend to read the book. Usually, little kids talks all the time without regards as to who is talking, but here, I noticed that children already learned to respect their classmates and teachers when they are talking. After viewing the environment of the preschool, I have come into conclusion that it contains all the element of quality preschool. They provide Christian atmosphere that promote the spiritual, social, emotional, physical and intellectual growth of each child.The goal is to enable each child grow and learn in a safe and stimulating environment at their own pace. Ive learned also from the teachers that every Tuesdays class they incorporated good Christian living in their lesson. I believed its a good way of teaching childrens values in life following the way of Jesus. I feel that the surroundings, specially the various stimulating areas help to individualise each childs learning like Reading corner, Math area, Letters, Dramatic play, Childrens corner that shows schedule, calendars, and announcement and the star student of the month. It is important to have orderly and stimulating areas for the children to freely choose what to participate in. I believed that the teachers have a great understanding of child development and education. This shows in their daily schedule posted in the Childrens which listed the daily routine for the children. For e xample, circle time, Math & letter followed by mid-morning snacks and then followed by outside play.It is important that the children in the preschool participate in routines. Routines assist children in learning through both repetition and consistency. The preschool program is definitely based on encouraging learning and respecting childrens exploration. Teachers and staff respect each child for what they are and help them live fully and happy to the best of their ability. This preschool observation is very interesting. Id learned the important role of teachers in nurturing all aspects of development social, emotional, cognitive and physical. In every interaction, the teachers appropriately nurture their growth and development. The education and values that the teachers impart to their students has great impacts to them later(prenominal) in life. Through this experience, I am pleased to learn that preschool may look like all fun and games music, story time, dancing, art but the ch ildren are learning through play andcreative activity. They learned to solve problem playing building blocks. At a very young age, the children develop good learning habits and positive self-esteem. Children are capable of learning at their own pace and make their own decision.